Image-guided Adaptive Radiotherapy for Bladder Cancer

Technological advancement has facilitated patient-specific radiotherapy in bladder cancer. This been made possible by developments image-guided (IGRT). Particularly transformative the integration of volumetric imaging into workflow. The ability to visualise target using cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance initially assisted with determining magnitude inter- intra-fraction change. It led greater confidence ascertaining true anatomy at each fraction. increased certainty dose delivered permitted safe reduction planning volume margins. IGRT therefore improved coverage a integral surrounding tissue. Use feed back plan delivery optimisation according day enabled adaptive solutions. Here we undertake review stepwise underpinning strategies for external cancer radiotherapy. We present evidence accordance framework systematic clinical evaluation technical innovations radiation oncology (R-IDEAL).